IRAC Insecticide Mode of Action

Nerve & Muscle

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors

Nerve action

Nerve & Muscle

GABA-gated chloride channel blockers

Nerve action

Nerve & Muscle

Sodium channel modulators

Nerve action

Nerve & Muscle

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators

Nerve action

Nerve & Muscle

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators – Site I

Nerve action

Nerve & Muscle

Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators

Nerve and muscle action

Growth & Development

Juvenile hormone receptor modulators

Growth regulation

Unknown / Non-specific

Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors

Non-specific / multi-site

Nerve & Muscle

Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators

Nerve action

Growth & Development

Mite growth inhibitors affecting CHS1

Growth regulation

Midgut

Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes

Midgut

Respiration / Energy

Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase

Energy metabolism

Respiration / Energy

Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient

Energy metabolism

Nerve & Muscle

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers

Nerve action

Growth & Development

Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1

Growth regulation

Growth & Development

Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1

Growth regulation

Growth & Development

Moulting disruptors, Dipteran

Growth regulation

Growth & Development

Ecdysone receptor agonists

Growth regulation

Nerve & Muscle

Octopamine receptor agonists

Nerve action

Respiration / Energy

Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors – Qo site

Energy metabolism

Respiration / Energy

Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors

Energy metabolism

Nerve & Muscle

Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers

Nerve action

Growth & Development

Inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Growth regulation

Respiration / Energy

Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors

Energy metabolism

Respiration / Energy

Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors

Energy metabolism

Nerve & Muscle

Ryanodine receptor modulators

Nerve and muscle action

Nerve & Muscle

Chordotonal organ nicotinamidase inhibitors

Nerve action

Nerve & Muscle

GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators

Nerve action

Midgut

Baculoviruses

Midgut

Nerve & Muscle

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators – Site II

Nerve action

Nerve & Muscle

Calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa2) modulators

Nerve action

Respiration / Energy

Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors – Qi site

Energy metabolism

Protein Suppression

RNA Interference mediated target suppressors

Protein suppression

Nerve & Muscle

Chordotonal organ modulators – undefined target site

Nerve action

Nerve & Muscle

Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) inhibitor

Nerve action

Unknown / Non-specific

Compounds of unknown or uncertain MoA

Unknown

Unknown / Non-specific

Bacterial agents of unknown or uncertain MoA

Unknown

Unknown / Non-specific

Botanical essence with unknown or uncertain MoA

Unknown

Unknown / Non-specific

Fungal agents of unknown or uncertain MoA

Unknown

Unknown / Non-specific

Non-specific mechanical and physical disruptors

Unknown

Unknown / Non-specific

Peptides of unknown or uncertain MoA

Unknown

Unknown / Non-specific

Viral agents (non-baculovirus) of unknown or uncertain MoA

Unknown